Shoulder pain can make everyday tasks, like reaching overhead, lifting groceries, or even sleeping, difficult and frustrating. One of the most common sources of shoulder discomfort is a rotator cuff injury, especially among athletes and older adults. In this guide, we’ll break down what causes these injuries, how to recognize the symptoms, and the most effective treatment options available.
The Rotator Cuff: How It Supports Shoulder Movement
The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and enable a wide range of arm movements. It plays a crucial role in lifting, rotating, and supporting the shoulder. When any part of this structure is injured, whether through strain, tear, or inflammation, it can significantly limit function and cause persistent discomfort.
Common Causes of Rotator Cuff Injuries
Rotator cuff injuries can occur suddenly or develop over time. Some of the most common causes include repetitive overhead motion (seen in athletes, painters, or mechanics), age-related wear and tear, particularly in adults over 40, trauma from falls or accidents, poor posture, and shoulder mechanics. Degenerative tears are more common with age, while acute tears may result from lifting something heavy or falling on an outstretched arm.
Signs and Symptoms of Rotator Cuff Injuries to Watch For
Recognizing a rotator cuff injury early can lead to more effective treatment. Common symptoms include dull, aching pain in the shoulder, weakness when lifting or rotating the arm, and difficulty reaching behind the back or overhead. Many individuals also experience pain that worsens at night or while lying on the affected shoulder. If left untreated, a rotator cuff injury can worsen over time, potentially leading to long-term limitations in mobility and strength.
Treatment Options: From Conservative to Surgical
Treatment depends on the severity of the injury. Many mild to moderate cases improve with conservative care, such as:
- Rest and activity modification
- Physical therapy to restore strength and flexibility
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Corticosteroid injections for pain relief
- Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy is another non-surgical option that may promote healing by using the patient’s own concentrated blood platelets to support tissue repair.
When conservative methods aren’t enough, or if the tendon is completely torn, surgical repair may be recommended. Advances in arthroscopic shoulder surgery now allow for quicker recovery times and smaller incisions compared to traditional open procedures.
What Happens During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Surgery
A few small incisions are made around the shoulder, and a tiny camera (arthroscope) is inserted to view the joint on a monitor. Specialized surgical instruments are then used to remove damaged tissue, smooth rough areas, and reattach the torn tendon to the bone using sutures and small anchors.
Personalized Care for Lasting Shoulder Health
Every shoulder injury is unique. Whether your goal is to return to sports, restore daily function, or simply sleep comfortably again, an individualized approach ensures the best outcome.
If shoulder pain is interfering with your life, schedule a consultation with us to explore treatment options tailored to your needs.
AUTHOR: Daneca DiPaolo, MD, FACS, is a highly-skilled, board-certified orthopedic surgeon located in Grenada, Mississippi. She offers the latest orthopedic techniques and provides quality, compassionate, state-of-the-art orthopedic care.
